College Students Are Losing the Ability to Read (and think)

More food for thought (but only if you can read and think):

In a new essay for The Chronicle Higher Education, university-level literature and writing instructor Tyler Jagt recalls how not a single one of his students could get through an assigned 20-page article, something that he had read “without complaint” as an undergraduate a decade ago…“So when a student tells me they ‘kept losing track’ of a 20-page article, I have to acknowledge that they may be describing a measurable neurological condition,” Jagt wrote. “The neural pathways that support sustained attention are built by use, and they atrophy without it. Your body is a use-it-or-lose-it system, and the brain is no exception.” College Students Are Rapidly Losing the Ability to Readhttps://futurism.com/future-society/college-students-losing-ability-read

No surprise then when graduates demonstrate Alarmingly Shallow Ideas.

Do we really want Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the Classroom?

Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the Classroom?

Retraction Note to: Humanities and Social Sciences Communications https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-025-04787-y, published online 06 May 2025. The Editor has decided to retract this paper owing to concerns regarding discrepancies in the meta-analysis. These issues ultimately undermine the confidence the Editor can place in the validity of the analysis and resulting conclusions. The authors have not responded to correspondence regarding this retraction. Retraction Note: The effect of ChatGPT on students’ learning performance, learning perception, and higher-order thinking: insights from a meta-analysishttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41599-026-07310-z

The jury’s still out on AI’s effectiveness as a learning tool, but research so far paints a grim picture. Using AI chatbots can impair critical thinking, result in lower brain activity during cognitive tasks, and has been linked to memory loss. A Major Paper Claiming AI Is Good for Students Just Got Retracted, Which Is Very Bad News for Advocates of AI in the Classroomhttps://futurism.com/artificial-intelligence/study-ai-good-for-students-retracted

AI’s effectiveness as a learning tool is probably better for people who already know how to think having “learned” stuff the old fashioned way. AI’s effectiveness as a learning tool for some of the younger generations has shown promise in one area known as cheating.

Last year, a survey of some 500 Princeton seniors found that over 27 percent admitted to cheating with an AI model like ChatGPT, while about half said they knew about a violation of the honor code. If those are the numbers at a vaunted Ivy league, just imagine what conditions are like for the rest of the country. Princeton in Shambles Over AI Cheatinghttps://futurism.com/future-society/princeton-shambles-ai-cheating

BTW, the estimated cost of attendance for 2026-27 is $94,624 at Princeton U. https://admission.princeton.edu/cost-aid/fees-payment-options

Maybe the Princeton kids had to cheat because they offloaded too much of their own thinking and by default, didn’t learn how to think.

The risks of using generative artificial intelligence to educate children and teens currently overshadow the benefits, according to a new study by the Brookings Institution’s Center for Universal Education… The report describes a kind of doom loop of AI dependence, where students increasingly off-load their own thinking onto the technology, leading to the kind of cognitive decline or atrophy more commonly associated with aging brains… Rebecca Winthrop, one of the report’s authors and a senior fellow at Brookings, warns, “When kids use generative AI that tells them what the answer is they are not thinking for themselves. They’re not learning to parse truth from fiction. They’re not learning to understand what makes a good argument. They’re not learning about different perspectives in the world because they’re actually not engaging in the material. The risks of AI in schools outweigh the benefitshttps://www.npr.org/2026/01/14/nx-s1-5674741/ai-schools-education?

Your final food for thought.

Alarmingly Shallow Ideas

As one New York financier told Financial Times journalist Gillian Tett, new hires who were seen as “AI natives” are turning out to have alarmingly shallow ideas. So much so, the anonymous finance worker admitted, that his firm now actively avoids seeking out AI-literate STEM graduates, and opts to comb through humanities students instead…

The state of higher education is so bad that many of today’s higher ed students are not only offloading their coursework to AI chatbots like ChatGPT — a shortcut, educators say, that’s even impacting their ability to participate in face-to-face discussions. Bosses Horrified as “AI Native” College Graduates Hit the Workplacehttps://futurism.com/future-society/college-critical-thinking-ai

Yikes.

Deeply disturbing. So what can a concerned parent do?

Ask ChatGPT what to do!

My college graduate son has no critical thinking skills after relying upon ChatGPT. What should I do?

Treat this as a skills-and-habits problem, not a character flaw or a “ChatGPT ruined him” problem. A lot of recent graduates learned to use AI as a shortcut before they learned how to think through ambiguity on their own. The good news is that critical thinking is trainable.

A few things matter here:

  1. Don’t turn this into a fight about technology
  2. Separate competence from confidence
  3. Create situations where he has to reason, decide, and defend conclusions

What often happens is:

  • Students get very good at producing polished answers
  • But weak at:
    • evaluating evidence
    • making tradeoffs
    • spotting bad assumptions
    • persisting through confusion
    • forming independent judgment

Those are different skills.

Here’s what tends to work better than lectures about “kids relying on AI.”

Change how he uses AI

The goal is not “stop using ChatGPT.” It’s “use it as a sparring partner instead of a vending machine.”

Encourage rules like:

  • No copying answers directly
  • He must form an opinion first
  • He must explain why an answer is correct
  • He must ask AI to critique his reasoning instead of replacing it

Good prompts:

  • “Challenge my assumptions.”
  • “What are the strongest counterarguments?”
  • “What evidence would disprove this?”
  • “What am I overlooking?”
  • “Give me three competing interpretations.”

Bad pattern:

  • “Write this for me.”

Put him in environments that punish shallow thinking

Critical thinking develops fastest when reality pushes back.

Good environments:

  • Jobs with responsibility and consequences
  • Sales
  • Operations
  • Managing projects
  • Technical troubleshooting
  • Apprenticeships
  • Debate-heavy workplaces
  • Entrepreneurship
  • Volunteer leadership

Real-world feedback is hard to fake.

Ask questions instead of giving conclusions

If you immediately correct him, he stays mentally passive.

Instead ask:

  • “How did you arrive at that?”
  • “What evidence supports it?”
  • “What would change your mind?”
  • “What’s the downside of your approach?”
  • “What assumption are you making?”

That forces metacognition.

Make him defend positions he disagrees with

One of the fastest ways to build reasoning is:

  • argue both sides
  • compare tradeoffs
  • steelman opposing views

You can do this casually over dinner or current events.

Encourage slow thinking

A lot of AI-heavy habits create intellectual impatience.

Critical thinking often requires:

  • sitting with uncertainty
  • reading longer material
  • comparing sources
  • wrestling with incomplete information

Books, long-form journalism, analytical podcasts, and difficult projects help rebuild that stamina.

Watch for learned helplessness

Sometimes the issue is not inability but reflexive dependence:

  • “I don’t know immediately”
    → “I need AI to think for me”

A useful rule:

  • Spend 15–30 minutes thinking independently before asking AI.

Also be realistic about the transition to adulthood

Many graduates — long before AI existed — left college without strong judgment skills. Those usually develop through:

  • responsibility
  • mistakes
  • work
  • relationships
  • financial pressure
  • repeated decision-making

You do not need to panic because he’s behind in one area at graduation.

The biggest mistake parents make here is trying to “convince” an adult child that he lacks critical thinking. That usually triggers defensiveness and dependency at the same time.

A better posture is:

  • respect him as an adult
  • expect reasoning and accountability
  • ask probing questions
  • stop rescuing poor decisions too quickly
  • encourage environments that require independent judgment

If you want, I can also help you with:

  • signs that this is normal vs genuinely concerning
  • exercises that rebuild critical thinking quickly
  • how to talk to him without sounding accusatory
  • ways young professionals can use AI without weakening reasoning skills

Think Again About Outsourcing Your Thinking 2.0 (if you can)

Michael Gerlich, head of the Centre for Strategic Corporate Foresight and Sustainability at SBS Swiss Business School, began studying the impact of generative AI on critical thinking because he noticed the quality of classroom discussions decline. Sometimes he’d set his students a group exercise, and rather than talk to one another they continued to sit in silence, consulting their laptops. He spoke to other lecturers, who had noticed something similar. Gerlich recently conducted a study, involving 666 people of various ages, and found those who used AI more frequently scored lower on critical thinking. (As he notes, to date his work only provides evidence for a correlation between the two: it’s possible that people with lower critical thinking abilities are more likely to trust AI, for example.) Like many researchers, Gerlich believes that, used in the right way, AI can make us cleverer and more creative – but the way most people use it produces bland, unimaginative, factually questionable work. Are we living in a golden age of stupidity?https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2025/oct/18/are-we-living-in-a-golden-age-of-stupidity-technology

Yikes.