After accounting for the clinical risk score, several echocardiographic findings were independently associated with incident heart failure HRs 1.11 to 2.91, P≤0.001 for all:
- Reduced left ventricular ejection fraction
- Abnormal mitral inflow E/A peak velocity ratio a measure of diastolic function
- Enlarged left atrium Increased left ventricular mass
These variables were used to create an echocardiographic score.Elevated levels of NT-proBNP also were independently associated with heart failure risk HR 1.61 as a continuous variable and HR 2.7 for values greater than 190 pg/mL, P
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